Continuous Intuition...: Oracle 11G R2 Installation on the Redhat Enterprise Linux 32 & 64 Bit

Part I: Installing Enterprise Linux 5

This section describes how to install Oracle Enterprise Linux 5 (OEL5) on your hardware (but the same steps will apply for RHEL5). Please take a moment to make sure that your hardware meets or exceeds the minimum hardware requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 1.

Minimum hardware requirements:

32-bit (x86)

x86 compatible CPU
1 GB RAM
10 GB available disk space (3.5 GB for the Oracle software + 1.5 GB for the database + 3 GB for OEL5 + 2 GB swap)

64-bit (x86_64)

x86_64 compatible CPU
1 GB RAM
10.5 GB available disk space (4 GB for the Oracle software + 1.5 GB for the database + 3 GB for OEL5 + 2 GB swap)

Note: Both Linux and Oracle must be installed for the same architecture. 32-bit Oracle will only run on 32-bit Linux and 64-bit Oracle will only run on 64-bit Linux.

Now, let's walk through the process of installing the Linux operating system on a server. The instructions assume a fresh install of Linux (as opposed to an upgrade), that the server will be dedicated to Oracle, and that no other operating systems or data are on the server.

Oracle Database 11g Release 1 is certified to run the base release of OEL5 without updates. Free copies of OEL5 are available for download.

Boot the server using the first CD or DVD
You may need to change your BIOS settings to allow booting from the CD/DVD.

The boot screen appears with the boot: prompt at the bottom of the screen.
Select Enter to continue with a graphical install on the console.

The installer scans your hardware

Oracle Enterprise Linux splash screen
Click on Next

Language Selection
Accept the default.

Keyboard Configuration
Accept the default.

Install or Upgrade
Select Install and click on Next

Disk Partitioning Setup
A thorough treatment of disk partitioning is beyond the scope of this guide, which assumes that you are familiar with disk partitioning methods.
WARNING: Improperly partitioning a disk is one of the surest and fastest ways to wipe out everything on your hard disk. If you are unsure how to proceed, stop and get help, or you will risk losing data!)
Accept the default partition layout. Note that the default layout is sufficient for an evaluation, but would not be appropriate for other purposes. The default layout may create a swap partition that is smaller than the Oracle guidelines recommend. This is also sufficient for an evaluation.

Network Configuration
It is usually best to configure database servers with a static IP address. To do so, click on Edit .
A pop-up window appears. Uncheck the Configure using DHCP box, and enter the IP Address and Netmask for the server. Be sure that Activate on boot is checked, and click on OK .
In the Hostname box, select manually and enter the hostname.
In the Miscellaneous Settings box, enter the remaining network settings.

Time Zone Selection
Choose the time settings that are appropriate for your area. Setting the system clock to UTC is usually a good practice for servers. To do so, select on System clock uses UTC.

Set Root Password
Enter a password for root, and enter it again to confirm.

Package Installation
This guide will follow the Oracle recommended practice of using a "default RPMs" installation. Accept the default software selection and click on Next.
Additional RPMs are required to run Oracle Database 11g Release 1. These will be installed later.

Installing Packages
Software will be copied to the hard disk and installed. Change disks as prompted.

After software installation is complete
Remove any boot CD/DVD media.
Click on Next.

Welcome
Click on Forward

License Agreement
Read the license agreement. If you agree to the terms, select Yes, I agree to the License Agreement and click on Forward.

Firewall Configuration
For the purposes of this walk-through, no firewall is configured. Select Disabled and click on Forward.
Click on Yes when the "Warning - No Firewall" window appears.

SELinux
Select Disabled from the drop down bar and click on Forward.

Kdump
Do not enable Kdump. Accept the default and click on Forward.

Date and Time
Set the Date and Time.
If you want to use an NTP server (recommended), select Enable Network Time Protocol and enter the name of the NTP server.

System User
Create an account for yourself.
Do not create an account for oracle at this time. Creating the oracle account is covered later in this section.

Sound Card
Configure the sound card, if any, and click on Forward.

Additional CDs
Click on Finish.

The system will reboot
A graphical login screen appears.
Congratulations! Your OEL5 software is now installed.

Installing Required Packages

Additional Linux software packages must be installed before installing the Oracle software. The package requirements differ for 32-bit and 64-bit architectures, so this section contains separate instructions for each architecture.

32-bit (x86) Installations

Required kernel version: 2.6.18 This kernel, or any of the kernels supplied in updates, works with Oracle Database 11g Release 1 .

Check your kernel version by running the following command:
uname -r



Ex:

# uname -r

2.6.18-8.el5
Required package versions (or later):

compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
elfutils-libelf-0.125-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125-3.el5
glibc-2.5-12
glibc-devel-2.5-12
glibc-common-2.5-12
gcc-4.1.1-52.el5
gcc-c++-4.1.1-52.el5
kernel-headers
libgcc-4.1.1-52.el5
libaio-0.3.106-3.2
libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2
libstdc++-4.1.1-52.el5
libstdc++-devel-4.1.1-52.el5
unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1
sysstat-7.0.0-3.el5
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5
make-3.81-1.1

If you've performed a "default RPMs" install as suggested by Oracle, there are still some required packages that must be installed:

compat-libstdc++-33
elfutils-libelf-devel
glibc-devel-2.5
gcc
gcc-c++
libaio-devel
libstdc++-devel
unixODBC
unixODBC-devel
sysstat

Part II: Configuring Linux for Oracle

Now that the Linux software is installed, you need to configure it for Oracle. This section walks through the steps required to configure Linux for Oracle Database 11g Release 1.

Create the Oracle Groups and User Account

Next, create the Linux groups and user account that will be used to install and maintain the Oracle Database 11g Release 1 software. The user account will be called oracle, and the groups will be oinstall and dba. Execute the following commands as root:
/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

/usr/sbin/groupadd dba

/usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

id oracle



Ex:

# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba

# /usr/sbin/useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

# id oracle

uid=501(oracle) gid=502(oinstall) groups=502(oinstall),503(dba)
Set the password on the oracle account:
passwd oracle



Ex:

# passwd oracle

Changing password for user oracle.

New password:

Retype new password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
Create Directories

Now create directories to store the Oracle Database 11g Release 1 software and the database files. This guide adheres to the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) for the naming conventions used in creating the directory structure. For more information on OFA standards, see Appendix D of the Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 1 (11.1) for Linux.

The following assumes that the directories are being created in the root filesystem. This is done for the sake of simplicity and is not recommended as a general practice. These directories would normally be created as separate filesystems.

Issue the following commands as root:
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app

chmod -R 775 /u01/app
Configuring the Linux Kernel Parameters

Oracle Database 11g Release 1 requires the kernel parameter settings shown below. The values given are minimums, so if your system uses a larger value, don't change it. Linux allows modification of most kernel parameters while the system is up and running, so there's no need to reboot the system after making kernel parameter changes.
kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 536870912

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_max=262144
Note that OEL 5 already has values defined for kernel.shmall and kernel.shmmax. Use the default values if they are the same or larger than the required values.

If you're following along and have just installed Linux, the kernel parameters will all be at their default values and you can just cut and paste the following commands while logged in as root.
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_max=262144

EOF

/sbin/sysctl -p



Ex:

# cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default=262144

> kernel.shmmni = 4096

> kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

> fs.file-max = 65536

> net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

> net.core.rmem_default=4194304

> net.core.wmem_default=262144

> net.core.rmem_max=4194304

> net.core.wmem_max=262144

> EOF

# /sbin/sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0

net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1

net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0

kernel.sysrq = 0

kernel.core_uses_pid = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

kernel.msgmax = 65536

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Run the following commands as root to verify your settings:
/sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

/sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max



Ex:

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.shmall = 268435456

kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

kernel.shm-use-bigpages = 0

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max

fs.file-max = 65536

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default

net.core.rmem_default = 4194304

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

net.core.wmem_max = 262144
Setting shell limits for the oracle user

Oracle recommends setting limits on the number of processes and open files each Linux account may use. To make these changes, cut and paste the following commands as root:
cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf <oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536

EOF



cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <session required pam_limits.so

EOF
Change the default profile for bash and ksh as well as the default login script for cshell.
cat >> /etc/profile <if [ \$USER = "oracle" ]; then

if [ \$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

ulimit -p 16384

ulimit -n 65536

else

ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

fi

umask 022

fi

EOF



cat >> /etc/csh.login <if ( \$USER == "oracle" ) then

limit maxproc 16384

limit descriptors 65536

umask 022

endif

EOF
Part III: Installing Oracle Oracle Database 11g Release 1 can be downloaded from OTN. Oracle offers a development and testing license free of charge. However, no support is provided and the license does not permit production use. A full description of the license agreement is available on OTN.
The easiest way to make the Oracle Database 11g Release 1 distribution media available on your server is to download them directly to the server.

Use the graphical login to log in as oracle.

Create a directory to contain the Oracle Database 11g Release 1 distribution:
mkdir 11gR1_db
To download Oracle Database 11g Release 1 from OTN, point your browser to the Oracle Database Download Page. Read the OTN License agreement. If you agree with the restrictions and the license agreement, click on Accept License Agreement.

Click on the Linux x86 link (32-bit) or Linux x86-64 link (64-bit) and save the file in the directory you created for this purpose (11gR1_db)—if you have not already logged in to OTN, you may be prompted to do so at this point.

Unzip and extract the file.
cd 11gR1_db
For 32-bit

unzip linux_11gR1_database.zip
For 64-bit

unzip linux.x64_11gR1_database.zip
Install the Software and Create a Database

Log in using the oracle account.

Change directory to the directory containing the Oracle Database 11g Release 1 software.
Ex:

$ cd $HOME/11gR1_db/database
Start the Oracle Universal Installer.
$ ./runInstaller
Select Installation Method
Select Basic Installation
Oracle Base Location: /u01/app/oracle
Oracle Home Location: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.1.0/db_1
Installation Type: Enterprise Edition (3.3GB)
UNIX DBA Group: dba
Make sure Create Starter Database is checked
Global Database Name: demo1
Enter the Database Password and Confirm Password
Click on Next

Specify Inventory Directory and Credentials
Inventory Directory: /u01/app/oraInventory

Operating System group name: oinstall
Click on Next

Product-specific Prerequisite Checks
If you've been following the steps in this guide, all the checks should pass without difficulty. You may receive a warning related to swap file size if the default partition layout was used during OEL5 installation. This may be safely ignored . If one or more checks fail, correct the problem before proceeding.
Click on Next

Oracle Configuration Manager Registration
Leave this disabled for the demo and click on Next

Summary
A summary of the products being installed is presented.

Click on Install.

Install
Installation progress is displayed

Configuration Assistants
The Oracle Net, Oracle Database, and iSQL*Plus configuration assistants will run automatically
Take note of the information presented in the Database Configuration Assistant pop-up window and click on OK.

Execute Configuration Scripts
At the end of the installation, a pop up window will appear indicating scripts that need to be run as root. Login as root and run the indicated scripts.
Click on OK when finished.

End of Installation
Make note of the URLs presented in the summary, and click on Exit when ready.

Congratulations! Your new Oracle Database 11g Release 1 database is up and ready for use.

Continuous Intuition...

Friday, February 12, 2010

Oracle 11G R2 Installation on the Redhat Enterprise Linux 32 & 64 Bit

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